Ezimeni eziphuthumayo, ikhono lokuphuma endaweni ngokushesha nangokuphepha kubalulekile. Izinqubomgomo zokuphuma ezisebenzayo zixhomeke kakhulu kumamaki aphumayo acacile futhi abonakalayo ukuze ziqondise abantu abahlala endaweni ukuphepha. Amamaki aphumayo ajwayelekile asendaweni isikhathi eside abe yisilinganiso emabhilidini emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa intuthuko yakamuva kwezobuchwepheshe ilethe amamaki aphumayo adlalayo anikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu uma kuqhathaniswa nemodeli ezijwayelekile. Le ndatshana ihlola ukubaluleka kokuphuma ezimeni eziphuthumayo, izinzuzo zamamaki aphumayo adlalayo, imikhawulo yamamaki ajwayelekile, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, izindinganiso zokulawula, kanye nezitayela zesikhathi esizayo kumamaki aphumayo ukuze kuhanjiswe amabhizinisi kanye nochwepheshe bezokuphepha ngolwazi olunembile lokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kokuphuma emabhilidini.

Ukuphuma ngokuphuthumayo kubhekisela enqubweni yokuphuma ngokuphepha endaweni yokuhlala ngesikhathi seziqephu ezifana nezicishamlilo, umhlaba ophukile, noma ezinye izenzakalo eziyingozi. Ukuze izindlela zokuphuma zisebenze kahle, kubalulekile ukuthi zibe nezimpawu ezicacile, ezingavimbeli, eziya ezindaweni ezibekwe phansi. Izimpawu zokuphuma zidlala indima ebalulekile kulokhu ngokuhlinzeka ngokuqondisa okubonakalayo okusiza abahlali ukukhetha indlela ephephile nephuthumayo yokuphuma engozini. Ngaphandle kwezinsiza zokuphuma ezithembekile, ukudideka nokulibaziseka kwandisa ingozi yokulimala noma yokufa. Ukubhekana nezinselelo ezifana nokungaboni kahle ngenxa yomlilo noma ukungasebenzi kukagesi kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imiphumela yokuphuma ngokuphuthumayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakhiwa nokubekwa kwezimpawu zokuphuma kumele kuhambisane nezimiso nezindinganiso zokuphepha komlilo ezihlosiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana nokusebenza kahle ezindaweni ezahlukene zokwakha. Ukukhanya okuphuthumayo nezimpawu zokuphuma ziyizici ezibalulekile zestrateji yokuphepha ephelele, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nasezimo ezinzima, abahlali bahlolwa kahle baye kokuphepha. Umqondo wokuphuma udlulela phambili kokumaka nje iminyango—uhlanganisa ukuhlela okuhle ukuze kulindelwe ukuziphatha kwabantu nezinkinga zemvelo ngesikhathi sokuphuthuma.

Izimpawu zokuphuma eziguquguqukayo zisho izimpawu zokuphuma ezingashintsha umyalezo wazo oboniswa noma umkhombandlela ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusekelwe kudatha yesimo. Ngokwehlukana nezimpawu zokuphuma eziyisisekelo, ezikhombisa ulwazi oluqinile, izimpawu eziguquguqukayo zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nezibonisi ze-LED, ama-sensors, nezinhlelo zokulawula ukuze zishintshe umhlahlandlela ngesikhathi sokuphuthumayo. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhamba kwabahlali kude nezingozi futhi baye ezimpumeleni eziphephile ezitholakalayo, ezingase zihluke ngokuya ngohlobo nendawo yengozi.

Izinzuzo zezimpawu zokuphuma ezishintshashintshayo zikhulu. Zihlinzeka ngokuqondisa okunembile futhi okuguquguqukayo, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphuma nokunciphisa ukujikeleza ezindaweni zokuphuma ezingase zibe sengozini. Izimpawu ezishintshashintshayo zingahlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokuphatha izakhiwo kanye nezinhlelo zokuphendula eziphuthumayo, zihlinzeka ngokuqhubekayo ngezibuyekezo kubahlali nabaphenduli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zinezingxenye ezibomvu ezikhanyayo noma ukukhanya kwe-LED, kuqinisekisa ukubonakala ngisho nasezikhathini zokuphuma kukagesi noma ezimweni ezigcwele umusi. Le ndlela yokuzivumelanisa ithuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha kwabahlali uma kuqhathaniswa nezimpawu ezimile.

Ukufaka izinhlelo zokuphuma ezinezici ezishintshashintshayo kungathuthukisa ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha ethuthukayo, njengoba lezi zinhlelo zingabuyekezwa futhi zifakwe kabusha ukuze zihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezintsha ngaphandle kokushintsha okukhulu okudinga izindleko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu ezishintshashintshayo zisekela izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinezitezi eziningi noma ukuphuma, ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi izimpawu zokuphuma ezisezitezi, ngokuhlinzeka ngemiyalelo ehleliwe ngokuya ngesimo somhlali.

Izimpawu zokuphuma zendabuko, ngokuvamile eziqukethe amaphaneli akhanyayo noma apholile, zinezithiyo ezithile ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Okokuqala, ziqinile ekwakhiweni nasekutholakaleni, okusho ukuthi azikwazi ukujolisa ezinsongweni ezishintshashintshayo ezifana nezindawo zokuphuma ezivinjiwe noma izitebhisi ezigcwele umusi. Abahlali abalandela izimpawu eziqinile bangase baphumelele ezindaweni eziyingozi ngesikhathi somlilo noma kwezinye izimo eziphuthumayo.

Enye inkinga yikhono lokubona. Nakuba izimpawu ezikhanyayo ezibomvu nezinye izimpawu ezikhanyayo zingase zibe neqhaza, ukukhanya kwazo nokucaca kungancipha emoyeni ophakeme noma uma kukhona ukwehluleka kukagesi. Lokhu kungadala ukudideka nokwesaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu ezimile azihlinzeki ngemininingwane eyengeziwe efana nezikhombisi zokuphuma ezithile zeziqongo noma izibuyekezo zesikhathi sangempela mayelana nokuphepha kwemizila, okubalulekile ezakhiweni ezinkulu noma eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ekugcineni, ukufaka izinhlelo zokuphuma ezinezimpawu zendabuko kuphela kungaholela ekwandeni kwezindleko zokugcina kanye nezinkinga ekubuyekezweni kwezimiso zokuphepha. Ukushintsha amasu okuphuma ukuze kuphendule izinsongo ezintsha noma izinguquko zokwakha kuvame ukufuna ukufaka kabusha noma ukuhamba izimpawu, okungase kube nomthelela omubi futhi kube nezindleko eziphezulu.

Ukuphuma kwezobuchwepheshe obusha kuveze izinguquko ezinkulu kumamaki okuphuma, kuvumela izinhlelo ezisebenzayo, ezihlakaniphile ezithuthukisa kakhulu ukuphathwa kokuphuma ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo. Izinto ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi izibonisi ze-LED matrix, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza, ukuxhumana okungenawaya, kanye nokuxhumana kohlelo lokuphatha izakhiwo (BMS). Izibonisi ze-LED zivumela amamaki okuphuma akhanyayo, angashintshwa, futhi asebenza kahle ngamandla angakhombisa ama-arrow, umbhalo, nezimpawu ngendlela esebenzayo.

Izinsiza ezifana nezinsiza zokuthola umusi, izinsiza zokushisa, kanye nezinsiza zokuhlola abantu zikhombisa idatha yesikhathi sangempela ethinta izinguquko ezimpahleni zokuphuma. Isibonelo, uma umlilo utholakala eduze kokuphuma okuthile, uphawu lungakwazi ukuhlela ngokuzenzakalelayo abantu baphume ezindleleni ezihlukile. Ukuxhumana okungenawaya kwenza kube nokulawula okuhlanganisiwe nokuhlola zonke izimpahleni zokuphuma kulo lonke building, kuvumela ukuvuselelwa okusheshayo nokuhlelwa.

Izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokuphuma ezisebenzisa izimpawu ezisebenzayo zifaka futhi ama-algorithms e-artificial intelligence (AI) ukuze zihlaziye idatha ye-sensor, zibhale ukusabalala kwezingozi, futhi zisebenzise izindlela zokuphuma. Ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa eziphuthumayo kuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuqhubekayo ngisho nasemazingeni okuphuma kwamandla. Lezi zinto ziqinisekisa ngokuhlanganyela ukuthi izimpawu zokuphuma zihlala zishintsha futhi zithembekile, zandisa ukuphepha kwabahlali kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezimpawu ezijwayelekile ezimile.

Izinhlelo eziningi zangempela zokusebenza kwezimpawu zokuphuma ezishintshashintshayo zikhombisa ukusebenza kwazo kahle ekwandiseni ukuphepha kokuphuma ngesikhathi sokuphuthumayo. Isibonelo, indawo enkulu yokuhweba eNew York ihlanganise uhlelo lwezimpawu zokuphuma ezishintshashintshayo oluxhunywe kumazinga okukhala komlilo kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha izakhiwo. Ngesikhathi sokuzilolonga komlilo, uhlelo luphumelele ekuhoxiseni abantu ukusuka esitebhisini esivinjiwe ukuya ezimpumeleni ezingaphazamiseki, kwehla isikhathi sokuphuma ngama-25% uma kuqhathaniswa nezilolonga ezedlule ezisebenzisa izimpawu ezimile.

Enye isifundo esivela enkampasini ye-university sikhombisa ukuthi izimpawu ezisebenzayo ezine-LEDs ezibomvu ezikhanyayo zathuthukisa ukubonakala ezimweni zokukhanya okuphakeme ngesikhathi sokuhlola izimo zokuphuma. Lezi zimpawu zakhombisa kahle amazinga ophahleni wokuphuma nezindlela ezihlukile, okwehlisa ukudideka kwabahlali futhi kwathuthukisa ukuhambisana nezinhlinzeko zokuphuma.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-AnshineTech, umholi ophambili emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe bokuphepha, ithuthukise izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe zezimfanelo zokuphuma ezisebenza kahle ezamukelwa ezindaweni ezahlukene kufaka phakathi ezempilo, ezokungcebeleka, kanye nemfundo. Imikhiqizo yabo igcizelela ukuhlanganiswa nezobuchwepheshe be-IoT kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile, ikhombisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bungasekela kanjani izindawo zokwakha eziphephile.

Izimpawu zokuphuma ziphathwa yimithetho yokuphepha yamazwe omhlaba neyasekhaya efana ne-NFPA 101 Life Safety Code, imithetho ye-OSHA, kanye nemithetho yokwakha yendawo. Le mithetho ichaza izidingo zokubonakala, ukukhanya, indawo, nokugcinwa kwezimpawu zokuphuma ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabahlali ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo. Izimpawu zokuphuma ezisebenzayo kumele zihambisane nalezi zindinganiso ngenkathi zinikeza ukusebenza okwandisiwe.

Ngokwesibonelo, i-NFPA ifuna ukuthi izimpawu zokuphuma zikhanyiswe ngokuqhubekayo futhi zibonakale ukusuka endaweni ethile, ngamagama anobukhulu obuthile kanye nokuphikisana kwemibala. Izimpawu zokuphuma ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-LED kanye nemibala ebomvu ekhanyayo zihlangabezana nalezi zidingo zokubonakala futhi zithuthukisa ukuhambisana ngokuhlinzeka ngemininingwane engaguquguquki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho iyathuthuka ukuze ibonelele ngezins advantages zezinhlelo eziguquguqukayo ezakhiweni eziyinkimbinkimbi nasezindaweni ezinamakhaya aphezulu.

Izikhungo zokulawula zifaka emphakathini ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa njalo nokugcinwa kwezimpawu zokuphuma. Izinhlelo zezimpawu zokuphuma ezisebenzayo ngokuvamile zifaka izici zokuzihlola ezixwayisa ukuphathwa kwesakhiwo ngezinkinga noma ukwehluleka kwamandla, zisekela ukuhambisana nalezi zidingo. Amabhizinisi athatha izimpawu zokuphuma ezisebenzayo angakhohlisa kahle nezilindelo zokulawula ngenkathi ethuthukisa ukuphepha.

Ikusasa leziqondiso zokuphuma likhona ekuxhumaneni okwengeziwe nezobuchwepheshe bezakhiwo ezihlakaniphile kanye nezinhlelo zokuphepha eziholwa yi-AI. Iziqhamo ezivela emkhakheni zifaka phakathi izikhombisi zokuphuma ezithuthukisiwe (AR) ezisebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone ukuze ziqondise ngokubona abantu abahlala, kanye nezibalo ezithuthukisiwe ezibikezela izindlela zokuhamba zabahlali ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindlela zokuphuma ngokushesha.

Izinto ezisebenza kahle ngokwezamandla nezihlala zihlala zizoqhuba indima enkulu, lapho izixazululo ezikhanyayo ezibomvu zikhula ngaphandle kokuncika kukagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokuxhumana eziphuthumayo kuzovumela izimpawu zokuphuma ukuthi zinikeze izexwayiso zomsindo nezombhalo ezihambisana nezimo eziphuthumayo ezithile.

Izinkampani ezifana ne-AnshineTech zifaka imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze zihole lezi zinguquko, zisiza amabhizinisi ukudala izindawo eziphephile, eziphendulayo. Njengoba imithetho ithuthuka futhi ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka, izimpawu zokuphuma eziguquguqukayo zizoba yisisekelo sezinhlelo eziphelele zokulungiselela ukuphuthumayo emhlabeni jikelele.

Izimpawu zokuphuma ezisebenzayo zimelela intuthuko eguquguqukayo ekuphepheni kokuphuma ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo, ibhekana nezithiyo eziningi zezimpawu ezijwayelekile ezimile. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje obufana nezibonisi ze-LED, ama-sensors, kanye ne-AI, izimpawu ezisebenzayo zinikeza umhlahlandlela wesikhathi sangempela, onguquguqukayo ongakwazi ukusindisa izimpilo ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha ethuthukayo nokuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokwakha ezihlakaniphile kukhuphula kakhulu izinzuzo zazo.

Izinhlangano ezihlose ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwezakhiwo kufanele zicabangele ukutshalwa kwezimali ezixazululweni zokuphuma ezishintshashintshayo, njengezikhangiso ezitholakala ku-AnshineTech, ezihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obusha nokuhambisana nemithetho kanye nokusebenza okuqinisekisiwe. Njengoba ukuhlela kwezimo eziphuthumayo kuqhubeka nokuthuthuka, izikhangiso zokuphuma ezishintshashintshayo zizoba nezidingo ezibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhamba kahle kokuphuma nokuvikela izimpilo.